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日本核心通胀率升至3.7%,大米价格飙涨成推手

2025年5月,日本的核心通胀率升至3.7%,为自2023年1月以来的最高水平。这一上升主要受大米价格暴涨的推动。据数据显示,大米价格同比上涨了101.7%,创下半个多世纪以来的最大涨幅。此前4月和3月的涨幅也分别达到了98.4%和92.1%。

大米是日本人日常生活中不可或缺的主食,其价格变动直接影响民众的生活成本。面对不断上涨的米价,日本政府已紧急释放国家储备粮,以试图平抑市场价格,缓解消费者的负担。然而,尽管政府出手干预,涨势依旧未能有效遏制,显示出当前通胀形势的严峻程度。

不仅是大米,日本整体的物价压力也在加剧。剔除新鲜食品的“核心通胀率”达到了3.7%,超过市场预期的3.6%,而4月为3.5%。整体通胀(即“总通胀率”)则为3.5%,虽略低于4月的3.6%,但仍连续第38个月高于日本央行设定的2%目标。进一步剔除食品和能源的“核心核心通胀率”也从3%上升至3.3%,表明物价上涨的广度在扩大。

尽管面临持续的通胀压力,日本央行在本周的货币政策会议上维持利率在0.5%不变。央行在声明中表示,工资上涨正逐渐反映在商品售价中,这在一定程度上支撑了核心通胀水平。日本央行行长植田和男近期向国会表示,央行会在“更有信心通胀率能持续接近2%”的情况下进一步加息。

不过,央行同时也指出,随着经济放缓,未来通胀可能会逐步减弱。今年第一季度,日本GDP环比下降0.2%,为一年以来首次季度收缩,主要由于出口疲软。这种经济疲软也可能会限制未来物价的上涨空间。

总的来看,日本目前处于一个复杂的宏观环境中,一方面要抑制物价上涨,另一方面又要避免经济陷入衰退。对于普通民众来说,食品支出压力加大;而对货币政策制定者而言,利率调整的窗口也变得更加敏感和关键。

2025-06-20 00:32
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