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2025年黄金市场博弈加剧:不确定性与机遇并存

利率下降为黄金提供支撑,但前景不明朗
根据世界黄金协会(WGC)最新发布的2025年展望报告,尽管预计全球利率将在2025年继续下降,为黄金市场提供利好,但进入新的一年,黄金市场的前景仍显复杂。报告指出,黄金市场面临两种截然不同的可能场景,因为不确定性继续主导投资者情绪。然而,在当前市场条件保持不变的情况下,WGC的基准情景预测黄金价格将维持相对中性。


2024年黄金市场回顾:需求多元化推动价格攀升
截至2024年底,黄金价格已回升至每盎司2700美元,全年涨幅接近30%,创下数十年来的最佳表现。相比去年同期,市场对黄金的情绪略有变化。2024年初,投资者对黄金的表现持乐观态度,因市场普遍预计美联储将大幅降息。

尽管美联储的鹰派立场延续至全年,但中央银行的强劲需求推动黄金价格屡创新高。同时,亚洲消费者需求在2024年上半年为黄金提供了显著支撑。到夏季,随着亚洲需求逐渐放缓,西方投资者开始进入市场,助力黄金在创纪录高位上维持稳定,此时美联储已启动其备受期待的宽松周期。


2025年前景:多重因素左右黄金走势
展望未来,WGC的分析师指出,随着投资者评估全球经济状况,黄金市场可能呈现更加复杂的动态。WGC的模型显示,GDP增长、收益率和通胀等关键宏观变量的市场共识表明,2025年黄金可能保持温和增长,但涨幅较为有限。

分析师指出,“如果央行需求超预期增长,或者金融环境迅速恶化导致避险资金流入,黄金可能迎来上涨。但如果货币政策逆转、利率重新上升,黄金将面临挑战。”


贸易战与通胀风险的潜在影响
报告特别强调了特朗普当选总统后经济政策的不确定性,尤其是其支持国内制造业的关税政策。这些政策可能将全球经济拖入贸易战,成为黄金市场的重大风险。

许多经济学家指出,更高的贸易关税可能进一步推高本已顽固的通胀水平,这或将影响美联储当前的货币政策立场。市场已经开始下调对2025年降息的预期。美国银行预测2025年仅会降息两次,而富国银行则认为仅会有一次降息。

WGC分析师认为,“在这一背景下,美联储的行动和美元的走势将继续成为黄金的关键驱动因素。但正如过去几年所显示的,这两者并非唯一的决定性因素。我们更依赖一个更全面的框架,以捕捉黄金需求和供应各领域的贡献。”


亚洲消费者需求与央行购买支撑黄金
WGC认为,投资者应继续密切关注亚洲消费者需求,这一因素在2024年帮助黄金价格创下历史新高。印度在下半年进口关税下调后,需求显著增长,而中国的消费者需求则可能取决于经济增长状况,无论是正常经济活动还是政府刺激措施。

同时,分析师指出,黄金在2025年可能面临来自股票和房地产市场的竞争,这些资产类别可能分散投资者的注意力。

央行需求仍是黄金市场最大的支撑来源。尽管央行购金的速度可能较前几年有所放缓,WGC预计2025年央行购金总量将超过500吨这一长期趋势水平,对市场表现产生净正面影响。

2024-12-13 01:39
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