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美联储年内最后会议临近:降息预期与市场走向解析

市场停滞等待美联储会议
随着2024年最后一次美联储会议的临近,股市涨势陷入停滞。上周,只有纳斯达克综合指数录得超过0.3%的周涨幅,而标普500指数下跌约0.6%。道琼斯工业平均指数受医疗保健板块疲软影响,连续七个交易日收低,下跌近2%,这是自2020年2月以来的最差表现。


重要经济事件一览
本周将迎来一系列关键经济数据和事件,其中最受瞩目的是12月18日的美联储利率决议。市场普遍预计美联储将降息25个基点,投资者关注的焦点是美联储主席鲍威尔在新闻发布会上对2025年政策前景的解读。这场新闻发布会定于周三下午2:30(美东时间)召开。

与此同时,其他重要经济数据也将在本周陆续发布,包括:

  • 11月零售销售数据
  • 个人消费支出(PCE)指数,即美联储首选的通胀指标
  • 服务业和制造业活动数据

企业方面,预计美光科技(Micron)、耐克(Nike)、联邦快递(FedEx)和嘉年华公司(Carnival Corporation)将发布季度业绩报告。


市场对利率路径的预期
根据CME的FedWatch工具,目前市场认为美联储在12月会议上降息25个基点的概率高达97%。尽管如此,近期数据显示,美国经济依然保持稳健增长,劳动力市场尚未明显降温,而通胀率的下降路径依然坎坷。受此影响,市场对2025年的降息幅度预期有所下调。

值得关注的是,美联储将在此次会议上发布最新的经济预测摘要(SEP)。该报告包含“点阵图”,展示政策制定者对未来利率路径的预期。同时,鲍威尔的新闻发布会也将提供更多有关政策方向的线索。

在今年9月的点阵图中,美联储预测2025年底联邦基金利率将在3.25%至3.5%之间。如今,根据彭博数据,市场预计明年可能仅有两次降息,而非9月预测的四次。


经济预测可能调整
摩根大通首席美国经济学家表示,本次会议的经济预测可能显示2024年经济增长更强劲,通胀更高。因此,点阵图的中值或将被调整为2025年降息三次,而非此前的四次。


总结
本周的美联储会议将成为市场关注的焦点,利率决议及鲍威尔的讲话可能显著影响市场情绪与资产价格。投资者需密切关注点阵图更新、经济数据发布以及美联储对未来政策方向的展望,以制定更明智的交易策略。

2024-12-16 01:33
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