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经合组织下调全球经济增长预期,特朗普关税施压经济

经济合作与发展组织(OECD) 下调了美国和全球经济增长预测,并警告称,特朗普政府的贸易政策、地缘政治紧张局势和政策不确定性将对经济增长构成压力。

经济增长放缓预期

最新OECD经济展望报告预测,全球GDP增速将从2024年的3.2%放缓至2025年的3.1%,并在2026年降至3.0%。美国经济增长预期也遭下调,2025年预计增长2.2%,2026年降至1.6%,低于此前预计的2.4%和2.1%

OECD秘书长马蒂亚斯·科尔曼(Mathias Cormann) 指出,美国贸易政策的不确定性 是全球经济放缓的主要因素之一,并表示如果贸易政策更加可预测,全球经济将受益

北美经济受关税冲击

OECD的预测基于一个关键假设:美国将从4月起对加拿大和墨西哥的进口商品加征25%关税。这一政策直接影响了两国的经济增长预期:

  • 加拿大2025年GDP增长预计仅为0.7%,远低于此前预测的2.0%
  • 墨西哥经济预计将萎缩1.3%,相比之前1.2%的增长预测出现大幅下调。

OECD表示,如果美国降低或取消关税,全球经济增长将有所改善,通胀压力也将相应减轻。

通胀压力持续

除了经济增速下调,OECD还上调了全球通胀预期美国2025年通胀率预计为2.8%,高于此前的2.1%预测。与此同时,G20经济体的通胀率预计将从3.5%上升至3.8%

科尔曼警告称,持续的通胀可能限制各国央行降息的空间,政策制定者需要保持警惕。

贸易战与全球经济影响

OECD指出,特朗普政府的贸易政策仍存在极大不确定性。关税措施的实施时间、涉及商品范围及税率均反复调整,进一步增加了市场的不稳定性。

科尔曼强调,如果贸易壁垒继续增加,将抑制全球贸易、推高企业和消费者成本,并拖累全球经济活动。他呼吁各国通过外交手段解决贸易争端,避免长期经济损失。

结论:未来经济走向不明朗

随着美国及全球经济面临更高的贸易壁垒,OECD报告警示了贸易冲突长期化的风险。市场将密切关注特朗普政府是否调整关税政策,或是否会引发更多报复性措施,从而影响未来经济增长。

2025-03-18 01:35
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