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中国黄金投资创新高,珠宝消费与进口却双双下滑

根据世界黄金协会(WGC)中国区研究主管贾睿(Ray Jia)发布的最新报告,2025年3月中国黄金市场呈现出“价格强、投资热、消费弱”的鲜明特点。黄金价格在人民币和美元计价中均创下历史新高,而黄金ETF与央行购金也持续推动投资需求。但与此同时,高涨的金价打压了进口和珠宝类消费。

数据显示,人民币计价的上海黄金交易所金价(SHAUPM)在3月迎来过去一年最强单月表现。美元计价的伦敦金价(LBMA PM)也创下自2020年7月以来新高,令中国和全球投资者蜂拥而入。贾睿表示:“地缘政治紧张与特朗普政府不断变动的贸易政策,让黄金再次成为避险首选。”

2025年第一季度,黄金价格人民币计价上涨19%,创下2002年上海金交所成立以来最佳表现;美元计价也创下自1975年以来最强一季度涨幅。

然而,在投资热情高涨的同时,批发与终端需求却显著疲软。虽然3月因春节假期过后补库存,金交所出库量达120吨,环比增长30吨,但同比依然下降。Q1总出库量仅336吨,较过去十年平均值低29%,同比下滑36%。贾睿指出,这是由于去年基数高,加之价格高企令珠宝消费受到抑制。

投资方面尤为亮眼。3月中国黄金ETF持续净流入,单月吸金人民币56亿元(约合7.72亿美元),将管理资产总额推升至1010亿元(140亿美元),创下新高。持仓量也增至138吨,同比增长7.7吨。世界黄金协会表示,动荡的经济与贸易前景,以及本地资产信心不足,使黄金成为避险资金的首选。

截至2025年Q1末,中国黄金ETF实现总流入167亿元人民币(23吨黄金),均为历史最高纪录。进入4月,强劲的流入趋势延续,仅两周内ETF总持仓再增29吨,总资产激增25%。

此外,中国人民银行也连续第五个月增持黄金,3月再购入2.8吨,总储备升至2292吨,占总外汇储备的6.5%。第一季度累计购金12.8吨。黄金在总储备中的价值因价格上涨而提升至2300亿美元,单季贡献超过1%的增长。

不过,黄金进口却大幅萎缩。1月进口仅17吨,为2021年疫情后最低;2月回升至76吨,仍远低于2024年月均水平(102吨)。净进口1月甚至降为零,2月也同比减少38%。WGC指出,春节假期、价格倒挂与国内需求不振是主要原因。

展望未来,WGC预计黄金投资需求仍将保持强劲,尤其在中美贸易冲突升级与全球金融结构重塑背景下。中国多家保险公司于3月加入金交所,预计将在长期内持续拉动黄金投资需求。

但值得注意的是,珠宝需求仍受压抑。尽管“五一”假期临近,金价高企和经济前景不明,仍将拖累这一传统消费领域的复苏。

2025-04-16 02:28
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